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Visual and auditory cortex function8/4/2023 ![]() ![]() The primary motor cortex is anterior to the central sulcus and it’s made up of pyramidal cells whose axons runs all the way down the spinal cord to the pyramids in the Medulla Oblongata. This helps to plan complex movements and sends the plan to the primary motor cortex. The premotor cortex is located anterior to the primary motor cortex and receives processed sensory information. These include the primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, frontal eye field and broca’s area. Motor areas, represented by red and dark pink It’s very important for social interactions and expressions of the personality. This is what helps form memories and translates that to motor responses and processes emotions and guides emotional responses. The limbic association area is located on the medial side of the frontal lobe. It has a lot to do with thinking and making judgements and it’s where you understand what’s socially acceptable, how to behave just anything related to heavy human conditioning. This part of the brain receives information from posterior association area and helps integrate that info with past experience with the help of the limbic association area. The anterior association area includes the prefrontal cortex. On the right side this area helps us to understand emotional overtones/undertones of speech (the multiple ways of saying “I’m fine”). On the left side we see the spot in dashes called Wernicke’s area that deals with reading, naming things. It is the kinesthetic sense that is very strong in professional dancers or athletes for example. This is what gives us our spatial awareness of our body. The posterior association area is where visual, auditory and somatosensory association areas meet. ![]() We have three multimodal association areas: Posterior, Anterior and Limbic association areas. These are large areas of the cerebral cortex that receive sensory input from multiple different sensory modalities and various association areas and help make associations between various kinds of sensory info. This is colored pink/lavender in the diagrams. It is what draws upon stored memories to give meaning to sensations such as recognizing the sound of an ambulance siren or a car horn or recognizing the feeling in your pocket are your keys or coins. Each primary sensory area has an association area that it projects to. They are represented by light blue in diagrams. Association AreasĪssociation areas give meaning to sensations. Primary Visual Cortex Note the crossing of optic nerves at optic chiasm and continuation as optic tracts. ![]() The amount of cortex devoted to a particular body part is directly proportional to that parts sensitivity. It’s easy to remember the postcentral gyrus is posterior to the precentral gyrus because it’s in the name: postcentral. The precentral gyrus is all motor while the postcentral gyrus is all sensory. The primary somatosensory cortex sends axons from posterior to anterior. The olfactory cortex is also called the Rhinencephalon, or “nose brain.” This is the most primitive part of the cerebrum and connects directly to the limbic system (emotional system), which is why smells often directly trigger emotions as well as our deepest memories. The olfactory cortex is located on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe, in the uncus (aka piriform lobe). This cortex is where you get sensation of smell, before you’ve figure out what the smell is. On top of the cribriform are the nasal foramina and they hit the olfactory bulb which then run toward the primary olfactory cortex through the olfactory tract. ![]() Something that isn’t shown is the vestibular cortex which is located in the insula, just below the temporal and frontal lobes. These are represented with dark blue in the diagrams and include somatosensory, visual, auditory, vestibular, taste, smell, visceral sensations. 2 special motor cortices (Frontal Eye Field, Broca’s area) Primary Sensory Cortexįor each of the major senses, there is an area called the primary sensory cortex.Primary Motor Cortex – sends signals to generate movements.Motor areas – allow you to act upon a sensation Multimodal Association Areas – make associations between different types of stimuli.Association areas – give meaning to/make associations with a sensation.Primary Sensory Cortex – makes you aware of a sensation. ![]()
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